大橋英語(熱門單詞:“港珠澳大橋”用英文怎么說?),36創業加盟網給大家帶來詳細的介紹,讓更多的人可以參考:大橋英語(熱門單詞:“港珠澳大橋”用英文怎么說?)。
香港口岸、珠海和澳門口岸也都是24小時開放,由三地政府各自負責設立和管理,實行“三地三檢”;其中珠海和澳門之間采取“合作查驗、一次放行”的創新模式,即旅客可以一次性完成珠海和澳門之間的出境和入境手續。
The ports in Hong Kong, Zhuhai and Macao will be open 24 hours daily. They are built and managed by local governments respectively.
Zhuhai and Macao will cooperate to implement a one-off customs clearance in the two ports. The two cities will share immigration data, allowing travelers to finish the exit and entry process in one pass.
建設篇
? 大橋多長?為什么中間還有隧道和人工島?
港珠澳大橋是一個全長55公里的橋島隧綜合跨海工程大橋英語,也是目前世界上最長的跨海大橋。大橋包含一段6.7公里的海底隧道,是我國第一條外海沉管隧道,也是目前世界上最長的公路沉管隧道。它通過東西兩個海中人工島與橋梁部分連接。
HZMB is a 55-kilometer long bridge-island-tunnel complex across the Pearl River Estuary. It is the world’s longest sea crossing. The bridge consists of a 6.7-km undersea tunnel, which is the country’s first offshore immersed tunnel and the world’s longest immersed tunnel for road traffic. It is connected to the bridge through two offshore artificial islands.
為什么要建這么一條隧道呢?為了給珠江口將來的航運發展預留可通行30萬噸郵輪的航道。由于航道位置靠近香港國際機場,滿足相應航道寬度的斜拉橋的橋塔會超過機場附近的空域限高,因此只能走海下,建隧道。
The tunnel is built to reserve room for a planned shipping channel for passenger liners with a displacement of 300,000 tons. As the planned location is close to the Hong Kong International Airport, where there is height limitation in the airspace, a tunnel must be built subsea instead of a bridge with tall towers.
? 大橋是什么時候開始建的?花了多少錢?
在珠江口建跨海大橋的方案最早由香港實業家胡應湘先生于1983年提出,幾經波折,于2004年經由國務院批準后正式開始進行可行性研究,2009年批準研究報告,并于2009年12月15日正式開工,由時任國務院副總理李克強在珠海舉行開工典禮。
The plan to build a link road across the Pearl River Estuary was first initiated by Hong Kong industrialist Gordon Wu Ying-sheung in 1983. After several twists and turns, the Feasibility study started in March 2004 under State Council’s approval. The study report was approved in October 2009, followed by a commencement ceremony on Dec 15 in the same year, chaired by then Vice-Premier Li Keqiang in Zhuhai.
大橋總投資額約1200億人民幣,其中三地投資共建的主橋部分,長29.6公里,占其中的480.68億元。剩余部分為各地政府投資興建的口岸和連接線。
主橋的480.68億元投資里,57.5%為銀行貸款,會由大橋未來30年的通行費償還;剩下42.5%為政府投資,其中香港特區政府占43%,廣東省政府和中央政府占44.5%,澳門特區政府占12.5%。這一比例是三方政府根據大橋建成后各自可獲得的經濟效益占比擬定的。
So far, the latest cost of HZMB is about 120 billion yuan (US$17.4 billion), of which the 29.6-km Main Bridge invested by three governments is about 48.1 billion yuan. The rest are investments by individual governments on their ports and link roads to the Main Bridge.
The cost allocation among the three governments shown as above is settled by the assessment of economic benefits they can get after the bridge opens.
作用篇
? 為什么要建這座橋?
? 對香港:連接珠江口西岸,為經濟發展打開腹地,與粵西、廣西省等建立更快速的陸路連接,鞏固香港航運中心、空港中心、國際貨柜碼頭的地位;加強與祖國內陸的交流,進一步融入國家發展大局
? 對內地:帶動粵西和廣西的經濟發展;促進特區與內地交流;增加粵港澳大灣區內交通聯系,促進粵港澳大灣區發展;更好地利用香港發達的航運和國際聯系;通過陸路將香港與西部廣袤的大陸連接,直通東南亞,促進“一帶一路”發展
? 對澳門:增強與香港和內地的聯系,促進產業多樣化
通車后,由珠海至香港葵涌貨柜碼頭的陸路通行時間,將由現在的3.5小時縮短至1小時15分鐘;由珠海至香港國際機場的陸路通行,將由4小時縮短至45分鐘。
除了縮短客運時間,更重要的是,兩地的貨運有了直接的陸上通道,這對于兩岸物流業、會展業、食品行業等需要快速交通支援的行業,將有非常顯著的促進作用。
The most important benefit is that the bridge will provide the east and west of the Pearl River Estuary with direct road connections, which can enormously facilitate the development of industries that rely on fast transportation, such as logistics, food and convention and exhibition.
? 為什么港珠澳大橋不連接深圳?
大橋主要設計師和總工程師說,其實2003年大橋的前期規劃選址時就考慮了這個問題。連接深圳的所謂“雙Y”方案,其實是一個想少花錢多做事的經濟學概念。實際上,從工程角度來講,一座橋承載不了這么多功能,“紙上畫容易,實際在技術上和未來的管理上會有很多難題”大橋英語,大橋設計師之一劉曉東告訴《中國日報》。
將來珠江口會有5條通道,每個通道作用不同,而深圳和珠江口西岸的連接由在建的深中通道實現。港珠澳大橋率先建設,可能不是交通量最大,但作為大灣區第一個物理連接,會為整個灣區的產業布局和發展做準備。
同時,港珠澳大橋也為其他跨海工程儲備了一大批優秀的工程師和管理者。目前在建的深中通道,就是一個在港珠澳大橋沉管隧道、人工島等關鍵技術突破的基礎上興建的另一個“橋島隧”綜合跨海工程。
Looking toward the future of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Liu Xiaodong, a major designer of HZMB, told China Daily that there will be five bridges across the Pearl River Estuary by around 2035, or one sea crossing every 20 kilometers parallelly.
Future traffic demand was taken into account during the preliminary design for the bridge, back in 2003, Liu said.
“You can’t expect one bridge to meet all needs,” Liu said. “HZMB may not carry the largest traffic volume; as the first sea crossing in the Pearl River Estuary, it will pave the way for the adjustment of industrial structure in the Bay Area,” he said.
HZMB has also accumulated precious experience for similar projects in the future.
The under-construction Shenzhen-Zhongshan Link is a perfect example. Based on technologies, marine data, talents and all the other experience from HZMB, the new link is also a bridge-island-tunnel complex, about 40 kilometers to the north of HZMB.
資料來源:香港立法會、港珠澳大橋官方網站、港珠澳大橋管理局、香港運輸及房屋局、跨境巴士與穿梭巴士網站、中國日報與相關管理者和工程師的專訪
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